The Polygonaceae are represented in Peru by ten genera and 73 species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), between trees, shrubs and herbs, including lianas. Here we recognize ten endemic taxa in five genera. Ruprechtia is the genus with the largest number of endemic species. Endemic taxa are found mainly in the Mesoandean region, between 2000 and 3300 m elevation. We applied IUCN categories and criteria to four species. Apparently, only one endemic species has been recorded within Peru's protected areas system.