Interculturality in health is a recent concept that develops in response to claims of indigenous peoples for their right to their cultural identity, but also correspond to a global trend of incorporating the "right to the difference", which distinguishes and promotes coexistence between different cultural groups in the same territory. The article discusses, from a historical perspective, the original mismatch between Native American populations and European conquerors that marked out their access to health services, and discussed some of the many current issues related to, as the identification of indigenous people and the relationship between human rights and interculturality, to finally present a review of the genesis of the concept of interculturalism in health and their complexity reviewing the concept of cultural syndrome and his adaptation to scientific medicine.