Title
Height Variation of Gaps in 150-km Echoes and Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Electron Densities Suggest Link to Upper Hybrid Resonance
Date Issued
01 January 2020
Access level
open access
Resource Type
journal article
Author(s)
Publisher(s)
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Radar echoes from the daytime lower (Formula presented.) region near the magnetic equator, so-called 150-km echoes, have been puzzling researchers for decades. Neither the mechanisms that generate the enhanced backscatter at very high frequencies (typically 30–50 MHz), the sharp lower cutoff height, the intricate layering with multiple echo layers separated by narrow gaps, nor the modulation of the echoes by short-period gravity waves is well understood. Here we focus on the diurnal variation of the echo layers—specifically, certain wide gaps in the vertical structure—which apparently descend in the morning, reach their lowest altitude near local noon, and ascend in the afternoon, sometimes described as necklace structure based on the appearance of the layers in range-time-intensity diagrams. Analyzing high-resolution data obtained with the Jicamarca radar between 2005 and 2017, spanning more than one solar cycle, we find that (a) wide gaps and narrow lines occur in vertically stacked, systematically repeating pattern; (b) the gap heights vary with season and solar cycle; and (c) the gap heights can be associated with specific contours of plasma frequencies or electron densities. The last two findings are supported by simultaneous observations of VIPIR ionosonde reflection heights and by comparison of gap heights with electron density contours obtained with the WACCM-X 2.0 global model. Finally, the wide gaps appear to coincide with the double resonance condition, where the upper hybrid frequency equals integer multiples of the electron gyrofrequency. This may explain why field-aligned plasma irregularities are suppressed and enhanced radar backscatter is not observed inside the gaps.
Volume
125
Issue
1
Language
English
OCDE Knowledge area
Meteorología y ciencias atmosféricas
Subjects
Scopus EID
2-s2.0-85081334429
PubMed ID
Source
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
ISSN of the container
21699380
Sponsor(s)
G. Lehmacher was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1143514. H. Wu was supported by NSF-CAREER Grant 1753214 and NASA Grant 80NSSC19K0258. E. Kudeki and P. Reyes were supported by NSF Grant AGS-1143523. D. Hysell was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1634014. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofísico del Perú operated with support from the NSF Grant AGS-1433968 through Cornell University. The WACCM-X model is provided by NCAR, and data are available online (at https://www.earthsystemgrid.org/). The digitized gaps for all days and frequencies and other data shown in Figures – are available in a public data repository (under https://osf.io/mcs5w/). The authors have stated no conflicts of interest. We thank the staff of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory for their excellent work in operating the radar and collecting data. Abhishek Desai and Benjamin Buck helped with digitizing the gap heights from the range-time-intensity diagrams. The authors appreciate helpful discussions with Jorge Chau about echo statistics and Nick Pedatella and Hanli Liu about the interpretation of WACCM-X results.
Sources of information:
Directorio de Producción Científica
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