Vegetables are considered essential for well-balanced diets. Vegetable consumption is rising, reflecting the consumer’s increased income, and awareness of nutritional benefits. There were 402 vegetable crops cultivated worldwide but only slightly over one half of them have attracted commercial breeding attention. Many vegetables are consumed near where they are grown. The fast transformation of the vegetable market with the spread of super and hypermarkets worldwide and trade globalization, forced the majority of vegetable producers to use newly bred vegetable cultivars (including hybrids) to rise the quality standards and uniformity demanded in these markets. Vegetable breeding has to address and satisfy the needs of both the consumer and the producer. Innovation in vegetable breeding depends on specific knowledge, the development and application of new technologies, access to genetic 350resources to to as as biodiversity, is essential for the development of new vegetable cultivars. Vegetable breeding is characterised by continuous innovations and the ever ongoing development of new cultivars that ever better meet the requirements of producers and consumers. The driving force behind this innovation is acquiring or increasing market share. Molecular breeding has strong effects on the sector through the introduction of marker-assisted breeding and the development of genetic modification. A few multinational corporations, whose vast economic power has effectively marginalized the role of public sector breeding as well as local, small/medium-scale seed companies, dominate the global vegetable seed trade. Some of these seed corporations belong to worldwide agribusiness entrepreneurs that produce pesticides or are engaged in agro-biotechnology. For most vegetable crops only a few multinational seed corporations are controlling large part of the world market. This situation makes a growing part of the global vegetable supply dependent on a few seed providers. The multinational seed corporations ensued from merging some small or medium vegetable breeding programs to reduce costs. There may be fewer vegetable breeders in the future and growers will rely on seeds with a narrow genetic base, which could lead to agro-biodiversity reduction and food insecurity.