The Smilacaceae are represented in Peru by one genus, Smilax, and nineteen species (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Ulloa Ulloa et al., 2004), mainly lianas and vines. Here we recognize four endemic species. We assigned IUCN threat categories to two species. The endemic taxa occur in the Humid Amazonian Forest region, below 100 m elevation, and have not yet been registered inside a Peruvian protected area.