A taxonomic synopsis of Peruvian Palmorchis with six accepted species is provided including four new species (P. blancae, P. liberolabellata, P. loretana and P. yavarensis) and a new record previously reported only for Ecuador (P. imuyaensis). This overview is the result of a review of local herbaria, taxonomic literature, and a field study of the genus. An artificial key for all Peruvian Palmorchis species is presented, as well as photographs and a map of known localities in Peru.