Objective: To compare the physical growth of weight and height of elite rhythmic gymnasts with reference to the World Health Organization and determine the nutritional status through muscle and fat areas of arm, proposed by Frisancho. Material and Methods: We studied 136 elite rhythmic gymnasts from Brazil. The athletes were selected in a non-probabilistic (intentional). The anthropometric variables evaluated were weight, height, height-cephalic trunk, arm circumference and triceps skinfold relaxed right arm. Weight and height were compared with the reference of the World Health Organization and nutritional status was assessed by muscle and fat area proposed by Frisancho. Results: The gymnasts are low in body weight (p <0.05) and similar height in relation to the WHO reference (p> 0.05). Regarding nutritional status, we observed that 13.5% are at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition 12.5% depending on the subject protein. In the case of caloric reserves, 11.5% are at risk of malnutrition and malnutrition 12.5%, respectively. In general, similar values gymnasts muscle area and low values of fat area in relation to the reference when compared to the p-50. Conclusion: The results suggest that young people of this sport have low caloric values of reserves due to high intensity training to which they are exposed.