Title
DNMT3L facilitates DNA methylation partly by maintaining DNMT3A stability in mouse embryonic stem cells
Date Issued
10 January 2019
Access level
open access
Resource Type
journal article
Author(s)
Lu Y.
Hardikar S.
Gaddis S.
Zeng Y.
Liu B.
Estecio M.R.
Takata Y.
Lin K.
Tomida M.W.
Shen J.
Saha D.
Gowher H.
Zhao H.
Chen T.
University of Texas
Publisher(s)
Oxford University Press
Abstract
DNMT3L (DNMT3-like), a member of the DNMT3 family, has no DNA methyltransferase activity but regulates de novo DNA methylation. While biochemical studies show that DNMT3L is capable of interacting with both DNMT3A and DNMT3B and stimulating their enzymatic activities, genetic evidence suggests that DNMT3L is essential for DNMT3A-mediated de novo methylation in germ cells but is dispensable for de novo methylation during embryogenesis, which is mainly mediated by DNMT3B. How DNMT3L regulates DNA methylation and what determines its functional specificity are not well understood. Here we show that DNMT3L-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) exhibit downregulation of DNMT3A, especially DNMT3A2, the predominant DNMT3A isoform in mESCs. DNA methylation analysis of DNMT3L-deficient mESCs reveals hypomethylation at many DNMT3A target regions. These results confirm that DNMT3L is a positive regulator of DNA methylation, contrary to a previous report that, in mESCs, DNMT3L regulates DNA methylation positively or negatively, depending on genomic regions. Mechanistically, DNMT3L forms a complex with DNMT3A2 and prevents DNMT3A2 from being degraded. Restoring the DNMT3A protein level in DNMT3L-deficient mESCs partially recovers DNA methylation. Thus, our work uncovers a role for DNMT3L in maintaining DNMT3A stability, which contributes to the effect of DNMT3L on DNMT3A-dependent DNA methylation.
Start page
152
End page
167
Volume
47
Issue
1
Language
English
OCDE Knowledge area
Tecnología de modificación genética
Tecnología para la identificación y funcionamiento del ADN, proteínas y enzimas y como influencian la enfermedad)
Scopus EID
2-s2.0-85058546563
PubMed ID
Source
Nucleic Acids Research
ISSN of the container
0305-1048
Sponsor(s)
National Institutes of Health (NIH) [1R01AI12140301A1 to T.C., CA16672 to the CCSG Cores at MD Anderson]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [81571457 to H.Z.]; Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) Core Facility Support Award [RP170002 to J.S. at MD Anderson Science Park]; CPRIT Research Training Award [RP140106 to N.V.]; Center for Cancer Epigenetics at MD Anderson [fellowship to N.V.]; Andrew Sowell-Wade Huggins Scholarship Fund [scholarship to N.V.]; Thomas Endowment (fellowship to Y.Z.). Funding for open access charge: NIH.
DNMT3L (DNMT3-like), a member of the DNMT3 family, has no DNA methyltransferase activity but regulates de novo DNA methylation. While biochemical studies show that DNMT3L is capable of interacting with both DNMT3A and DNMT3B and stimulating their enzymatic activities, genetic evidence suggests that DNMT3L is essential for DNMT3A-mediated de novo methylation in germ cells but is dispensable for de novo methylation during embryogenesis, which is mainly mediated by DNMT3B. How DNMT3L regulates DNA methylation and what determines its functional specificity are not well understood. Here we show that DNMT3L-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) exhibit downregulation of DNMT3A, especially DNMT3A2, the predominant DNMT3A isoform in mESCs. DNA methylation analysis of DNMT3L-deficient mESCs reveals hypomethylation at many DNMT3A target regions. These results confirm that DNMT3L is a positive regulator of DNA methylation, contrary to a previous report that, in mESCs, DNMT3L regulates DNA methylation positively or negatively, depending on genomic regions. Mechanistically, DNMT3L forms a complex with DNMT3A2 and prevents DNMT3A2 from being degraded. Restoring the DNMT3A protein level in DNMT3L-deficient mESCs partially recovers DNA methylation. Thus, our work uncovers a role for DNMT3L in maintaining DNMT3A stability, which contributes to the effect of DNMT3L on DNMT3A-dependent DNA methylation. National Institutes of Health 10.13039/100000002 1R01AI12140301A1 CA16672 National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809 81571457 Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas 10.13039/100004917 RP170002 RP140106
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