Knowledge is essential and experience teaches. Therefore, new learning trends in schools are based on experience, making use of technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) that allow to experience situations that are very close to reality. However, unlike computers, this technology does not present the same level of integration in schools. This article presents a systematic literature review of research conducted into virtual reality and the learning process in order to identify the important characteristics of virtual reality technology and its effect on the learning process. A total of 30 articles published between 1999 and 2017 were selected. The results show that the characteristics of interaction and immersion are the most important to consider in a virtual reality technology and its implementation would support the learning process.