Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common and clinically important manifestation of Taenia solium infection. It is now recognized as a leading cause of seizures and epilepsy worldwide. NCC is endemic in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, much of Asia, and parts of Oceania. It is also diagnosed in immigrants from endemic areas, including immigrants to North America, Europe, and the Middle East. During recent decades, there have been major advances in understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, antiparasitic treatment, and management. This has led to increased recognition of NCC and improved management. Keys to improved management include aggressive symptomatic therapy, along with antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory therapy tailored to the different forms of NCC. Interventions to control and eventually eliminate the disease appear feasible.