The Peruvian llama population counts about 1 million animals and the sale of meat and breeding animals is of economic importance for about 95,000 smallholders. Nevertheless, there are a number of factors hindering a higher productivity, one of them are well established breeding programs. Community-based breeding programs (CBBP) have recently been proposed as a possible solution for resource-poor farmers as their ideas, concepts and organization are reflected. This paper analyses the interaction of farmers with other stakeholders relevant for the llama sector using a case study of the implementation of CBBP in the Central Highlands of Peru. A multi-stakeholder consultation process was started at the beginning of the implementation of the breeding program. This process involved personal interviews with farmers, but also a series of workshops with farmers, representatives of local government, an NGO and universities. Workshops were used as information platforms on breeding programs, but also to discuss and agree on level of involvement, roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders in a breeding program. This case study shows that a CBBP is only viable if the enabling environment is provided. Technical support has to be provided by local institutions and financial support has to be ensured. Therefore, all relevant stakeholders should be included right from the initiation of the breeding program.