Climatic change is not a very new experience to the Earth, recognizable only in the Quaternary (about the last 2 my), for extensive glaciations occurred since the Precambrian, at least from the Proterozoic (more than 600 my). On the other hand, Quaternary paleoclimatic scenarios, which have been previously suggested by several authors, were based on sometimes contradictory and very poor data. Recent studies carried out in Brazil, under the auspices of the CNPq (Brazil) and ORSTOM (France) agreement (CNPq no. 910219/89-3), allowed us to delineate the general trend of paleoclimatic fluctuations which took place during the last 60 ky B.P. in selected regions of Brazil. Palynological, sedimentological and geochemical analyses of lacustrine deposits sampled by vibrocorers in the eastern Amazon (Carajás, State of Pará) allowed us to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the plant cover during the last 60 ky, and thus to estimate paleoclimatic changes in this area. Subsequently, the data from the Carajás area have been compared, in this project, with paleoecological information obtained in other sites of Brazil.