Title
Imaging findings of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19
Date Issued
01 August 2021
Access level
open access
Resource Type
journal article
Author(s)
Caro-Domínguez P.
Navallas M.
Riaza-Martin L.
Ghadimi Mahani M.
Valverde I.
D’Arco F.
Toso S.
Shelmerdine S.C.
van Schuppen J.
Secinaro A.
Gräfe D.
Camacho M.
Neth O.
Goo H.W.
Kellenberger C.J.
Publisher(s)
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Abstract
Background: A hyperinflammatory immune-mediated shock syndrome has been recognised in children exposed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective: To describe typical imaging findings in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. Materials and methods: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, imaging studies and clinical data from children treated for multisystem inflammatory syndrome were collected from multiple centres. Standardised case templates including demographic, biochemical and imaging information were completed by participating centres and reviewed by paediatric radiologists and paediatricians. Results: We included 37 children (21 boys; median age 8.0 years). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 15/37 (41%) children and immunoglobulins in 13/19 children (68%). Common clinical presentations were fever (100%), abdominal pain (68%), rash (54%), conjunctivitis (38%) and cough (32%). Thirty-three children (89%) showed laboratory or imaging findings of cardiac involvement. Thirty of the 37 children (81%) required admission to the intensive care unit, with good recovery in all cases. Chest radiographs demonstrated cardiomegaly in 54% and signs of pulmonary venous hypertension/congestion in 73%. The most common chest CT abnormalities were ground-glass and interstitial opacities (83%), airspace consolidation (58%), pleural effusion (58%) and bronchial wall thickening (42%). Echocardiography revealed impaired cardiac function in half of cases (51%) and coronary artery abnormalities in 14%. Cardiac MRI showed myocardial oedema in 58%, pericardial effusion in 42% and decreased left ventricular function in 25%. Twenty children required imaging for abdominal symptoms, the commonest abnormalities being free fluid (71%) and terminal ileum wall thickening (57%). Twelve children underwent brain imaging, showing abnormalities in two cases. Conclusion: Children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome showed pulmonary, cardiac, abdominal and brain imaging findings, reflecting the multisystem inflammatory disease. Awareness of the imaging features of this disease is important for early diagnosis and treatment.
Start page
1608
End page
1620
Volume
51
Issue
9
Language
English
OCDE Knowledge area
Epidemiología Pediatría
Scopus EID
2-s2.0-85105388757
PubMed ID
Source
Pediatric Radiology
ISSN of the container
03010449
Sponsor(s)
We thank Anca Cociuban from the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Office for her help in collecting the cases for this article. We also acknowledge all of the collaborators of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Cardiothoracic Task Force: Judith Almanza , Paediatric Radiology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico; Carlos Alvarez Murillo , Pediatric Cardiology, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Lima, Perú; Soheila Alyasin , Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Aline Carsin-Vu , Paediatric Radiology, American Memorial Hospital, CHU de Reims, Reims, France; David Coca Robinot , Paediatric Radiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Marirosa Cristallo Lacalamita , Paediatric Radiology, EOC, IIMSI Istituto di Imaging della Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland; Shabnam Hajiani Ghotbabadi , Paediatric Rheumatology Diseases, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pooya Iranpour , Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Reza Jalli , Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Karmella Kamali , Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; María Martínez León , Radiología Pediátrica, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Hospital Regional Universitario, Málaga, Spain; Arnaud Maurin , Paediatric Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Timone, France; Franklin Mendoza Torres , Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, Lima, Perú; Marta Pelaz Esteban , Paediatric Radiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Blandine Petain , Paediatric Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Timone, France; Gholamreza Pouladfar , Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Miguel Rasero , Paediatric Radiology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Constance Riviere , Paediatric Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Timone, France; Amie Saeed , Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Anahita Sanaei Dashti , Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Eslam Shorafa , Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Slivadji Vingadassalom , Paediatric Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille Timone, France.
Sources of information: Directorio de Producción Científica Scopus