We describe and illustrate Catasetum kamatawara from the Loreto Department of the Amazonian wetlands in Peru. An extensive comparison with several related species is presented including Catasetum cotylicheilum which is morphologically close to our species but differs mainly in having a three-lobed labellum with a three-dentate apex formed by its obtuse apices of lateral lobes and mid-lobe (vs. unlobed labellum with obtuse-rounded apex), and the presence of 4–5 transversely verrucose keels (vs. elevated, smooth callus). Additionally, we also report C. boyi, C. longifolium and C. semicirculatum which have not been previously reported for the Peruvian orchid flora. Finally, we propose a lectotype for the rare C. peruvianum based on the original illustration of the species.