The aim of this study was to determine the reparative effect of autologous serum on corneal lesions of rabbits produced by chemical agents. A preclinical-experimental case-control pilot study was carried out with 10 ocular units obtained from five rabbits. The corneal surfaces were injured by controlled surgical abrasion and subsequent application of 70% alcohol or sulfuric acid pH 1 (battery acid). The cases were treated with autologous serum and the controls with physiological serum. The evolution was followed with fluorescein and photographic recording immediately after the injury occurred, and at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The rabbits were euthanised and the histopathological evaluation of the corneas was made. The cases showed a significant reduction in the perimeter of the lesion and greater transparency (p<0.008). A significant difference was observed in relation to the progression and quality of tissue in the injured area (p<0.05). Histological evaluation showed a more uniform and organized corneal tissue in the cases. It is concluded that autologous serum presented a greater benefit compared to the use of placebo in corneal lesions produced by these chemical agents.