Clinical microbiology laboratories in Peru have the task to diagnose the infectious agents present in the clinical samples, for this, they have different tools available; their use depends on having material and human resources. The microbiological laboratory can perform simple and complex tests, depending on the level, the geographical location and the available resources. We mention the problems found with the available laboratory procedures and their potential diagnostic aid. We emphasize the need of having standardised procedures, the continuous education and training of the staff, and the importance of the laboratory network led by the Instituto Nacional de Salud.