The aim of this article is to obtain specific and general learning lessons pertaining to Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and related human activities. Some of these activities, which are of particular concern in this paper, occur within a problem-solving system (PSS), i.e., when an analyst playing the role of problem solver tackles a problem-situation (P-S)-here known as the problem-content system (PCS). It is postulated that on many occasions, depending on the way the P-S is faced, the PSS may become another PCS depending on the behavior of the solvers when facing that P-S. Such behavior is subject not only to intellectuality but also to ethics and beliefs. Initially I draw up distinctions between a PSS and a PCS and, at once, define several important terms used in SSM. An overview of three case studies carried out in Peru is presented next. Some specific and general learning lessons obtained from the analysis are then presented. Although the studies relate to concepts of SSM, the conclusions that emerge are equally applicable to many P-S's and problem-solving approaches. © 1988 Plenum Publishing Corporation.