This article aims to compare the changes in the institutional work of male and female care in three hospitals in the Castilian area during the Old Regime to the transit to Contemporary Age. Case studies are the hospital of San Hermenegildo and the hospital of the Five Wounds, both located in Sevilla capital. These hospitals will be compared with the hospital of Saint Bartholomew of Lima in the Viceroyalty of Perú. In the transition of the modernity to the contemporary Age, the political and institutional support that received the development and study of the medicine in the Spanish monarchy, transformed the care into the hospitals that produced, even, the supplanting of the ancient nurse feminine work, exercised in the women's hospitals, for medical instructors in medicine.