Title
3D-printed Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrodes
Date Issued
01 June 2019
Access level
open access
Resource Type
journal article
Author(s)
Rohaizad N.
Novotný F.
Webster R.D.
Pumera M.
University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
Publisher(s)
Elsevier Inc.
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the advantages of customisation, reproducibility and rapid production. In parallel, there is a demand for electrochemical components designed for miniaturisation or customisation of devices. Herein we report a straightforward, fast and simple method to prepare an Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode primarily based on 3D printing using a graphene/polylactic acid filament. The fabrication process involves electrodeposition of silver followed by bleaching to form AgCl on the surface of the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirm the fabrication process. Open circuit potential measurements against commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrodes reveal a difference of 14 ± 0.3 mV. Nonetheless, the values are stable and reproducible, fulfilling the necessary requirements of a reference electrode. The performance of the 3D-printed pseudo-reference electrode was tested via cyclic voltammetry in two redox systems, [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− and [Ru(NH3)6]2+/3+. Fabrication of stable 3D-printed reference electrodes represents a key step in the production of fully 3D-printable electrochemical systems.
Start page
104
End page
108
Volume
103
Language
English
OCDE Knowledge area
Química inorgánica, Química nuclear Electroquímica
Scopus EID
2-s2.0-85066266319
Source
Electrochemistry Communications
ISSN of the container
13882481
Sponsor(s)
M.P. acknowledges the financial support of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (EXPRO: 19-26896X ).
Sources of information: Directorio de Producción Científica Scopus