There is scarce information on the global situation of Latin American Sleep Medicine. In the XII Congress of the Federation of Latin American Sleep Societies and the First Congress of the Peruvian Association of Sleep Medicine held in Lima, Peru, in October 2008, a meeting of representatives from different countries of Latin America was organized to implement a plan aimed to project the future. Thus, this article intended to collect information regarding sleep medicine human resources, physician and allied health professionals, educational activities, and infrastructure in selected countries of the Latin American region. Country delegates were prompted to make a presentation. These delegates brought current information to solve the following questions: Is there a national association dedicated to sleep medicine in each of their countries?; How many sleep medicine laboratories exist in their respective countries?; Is there a formal training system?; How are technologists training in each country?; What is the number of medical technologists in each individual country? and What activities related to sleep medicine are organized in each country? Participants from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay described the organization of their societies, sleep study facilities, care and research in the area of sleep medicine, human resources and training events as well as their participation into education in each country. Very few countries like Argentina, Colombia, and Uruguay have health systems that cover polysomnographic studies or continuous positive airway pressure therapy. In the majority of countries, there is no formal training in sleep medicine, neither an inclusion of sleep medicine courses in medical school curricula. There is a very uneven development of sleep medicine in Latin America, with very variable availability of resources. The analysis of the region as a whole indicates a major deficiency in the practice of sleep medicine, an underserved population, and very few participation of sleep medicine in undergraduate and postgraduate medicine programs. Sleep medicine, as a field, is still young and with great development potential.