Microbial degradation is a natural process, where the degradation of a xenobiotic or toxic chemicals by an organism is primarily a strategy for its own survival. Most of these microbes work in a natural environment, but some modifications can be made to encourage organisms to degrade the toxic chemicals at a faster rate in a limited period of time. This ability of microbes is sometimes used as a technology to eliminate pollutants from the real site. Knowledge of the physiology, biochemistry, and genetics of the desired microbe can further improve the microbial process to bioremediation accurately and with limited scope or without uncertainty and variability in the functioning of microbes. Genetic coding of enzymes has been identified for various toxic pollutants, which will provide new inputs to understand the microbial capacity to degrade toxic pollutants and develop a supervention to achieve the desired result of bioremediation in a short time.