For the caespitose palm Astrocaryum carnosum are described and compared the foliar morphology and anatomy between axes produced by seed and basal branching in three stages of development; stage 1: with entire leaves; stage 2: with 2-6 pairs of irregular pinnae and stage 3: with 7-21 pairs of pinnae. For each case were considered four morphological and 14 anatomical parameters for phase 1; and 12 morphological and 14 anatomical parameters for phases 2 and 3. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in the number of leaves, length of petiole, length of lamina, width of basal and middle pinna, thickness of spongy parenchyma, size of non-vascular fibers bundles and stomatal density.