Because of its pronounced topography, much of Peru is sensitive to the erosive action of wind and water. The Coast is subject to wind erosion, and water erosion is dominant in the Sierra. Erosion also occurs in the High Selva when vegetation is cleared and in the Low Selva where high-intensity rains fall on land farmed under slash-and-burn practices. A review of erosion problems in Peru and results from erosion studies in the Sierra and Selva regions shows that the use of cover crops and mulching conserve soil and water efficiently. Contoured rows present both advantages and disadvantages for water erosion control, depending on climatic conditions and slope. -Authors