The dynamics of the tree community and 26 component populations was investigated in a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest in Piedade do Rio Grande, SE Brazil, based on surveys done in 1999 and 2004 in 30 400 m 2 plots, 12 of which were located on the edge of the fragment and 18 in its interior. The purpose was to assess whether the tree community and populations (a) were stable in the period, and (b) showed a more accelerated dynamics on the fragment edge than in its interior. Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, its two sectors, diameter classes and tree populations. The stability hypotheses was rejected because, in both the edge and interior, mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates, gain rates of basal area surpassed loss rates, and size distributions changed, with declining density of smaller trees. These overall changes were possibly related to (a) ongoing long-lasting fragmentation effects, (b) a particular phase of a rhythmic forest cycle and, or (c) the alleged recent global acceleration of forest turnover due to increased CO2 in the atmosphere. The two sectors did differ in their turnover rates higher on the edge than in the forest interior, probably because of more abundant light at the edge, but also because tree populations of fast-growing pioneer and light-demanding species are more abundant at the edge.