Introduction: The Human Rights-based Health Approach (HRHA) claims that health programs can violate the human rights of people. This approach considers that re-specting human rights plays a key role to improve the health of the population. Therefore, elaborating tools instru-ments is relevant to know whether or not medical residents are fully enjoying their resident physicians. Objective: Develop and analyze the internal structure of a research instrument to seek the views of resident physicians on enjoying their right to education and decent work. Methods: A research instrument was developed according to the definition of the right to education and decent work provided by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The instrument was conducted among 605 resident physicians. A factorial analysis was performed using the unweighted least squares with the Promin oblique rotation. Then, reliability was analyzed. Results: The 17-item final structure was divided into two factors: perceived obstacles to the full enjoyment of human rights and perceived benefits to the full enjoyment of human rights. Favorable indicators were obtained in reliability of scores (α> .70) and the construct (ω> .70). Conclusion: The proposed research instrument offers ap-propriate evidence of validity regarding its internal structure and reliability. Also, it is useful to seek the enjoyment of human rights by resident physicians.