Objective: To determine the effect of cataract surgery on contrast sensitivity and quality of life of patients with different types of cataract. Methods: Prospective study with a pre- A nd post-test design in patients with indication for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at different contrast levels and vision-related quality of life (V-ROOL) were evaluated before and 30 days after surgery. The study population was divided into 3 comparative groups according to the type of predominant cataract following the Lens Opacities Classification System III: Nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular (PSC). Results: Seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients with a mean age of 69.3 ± 9.6 (51-86) years were included. n the preoperative period, low contrast sensitivity was slightly affected in the nuclear group and severely affected in the PSC group. V-RQOL limitations scale was significantly lower for the PSC group compared to the nuclear group (0 [0-15.6] vs. 6.2 [0-12.5]; p = 0.040). After surgery, BCVA and contrast sensitivity improved in the three study groups. The most significant changes were observed in the PSC group. V-RQOL improvement was positively related to visual acuity gain in high and low contrast in the three study groups. Conclusion: Cataract surgery significantly improved contrast sensitivity and quality of life of all patients, especially in those with PSC opacity.