Introduction: This study aimed to identify the conditioning factors of the disparity in the access to the labor market and remuneration for health professionals from Peru. Materials and Methods: An observa-tional study was conducted based on the secondary analysis from the main results of the National Survey of University Graduates and Universities, 2014 involving 1974 health professionals undergoing expansion using chi-square test, crude odds ratio (cor), and adjusted odds ratio (aor) by logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (cis). Results: There was greater risk of unemployment in women (aor: 1.574; 95%ci: 1.456–1.702) and those who graduated from public universities (aor: 1.137; 95%ci: 1.068–1.210) or from provinces other than Lima and Callao (aor: 1.552; 95%ci: 1.452–1.661). Self-identification as mestizos (aor: 0.704; 95%ci: 0.621–0.798), Quechua (aor: 0.653; 95%ci: 0.556–0.767), Aymara (aor: 0.679; 95%ci: 0.511–0.902), and others (aor: 0.549; 95%ci: 0.432–0.698) had a protective effect against unemplo-yment. Women (aor: 1.580; 95%ci: 1.484–1.682), Quechua (aor: 1.259; 95%ci: 1.092–1.451), and university graduates who studied outside of Lima and Callao (aor: 2.601; 95%ci: 2.455–2.756) presented a higher risk of remuneration of less than 1000 soles. Moreover, graduating from a public university (aor: 0.784; 95%ci: 0.744–0.828) decreased the probability of remuneration of less than 1000 soles. Conclusion: Sex, ethnicity, centralism, and socioeconomic level are conditioning factors of the disparity in the access to the labor market despite the higher level of education obtained by health professionals.