Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are useful sources of diversity that can improve crop performance with regard to adaptation to water stress or extreme temperatures, conditions that can be exacerbated by climate change. One main challenge to adapt crops to the changing climate will be to enhance their ability to produce high yields in stressful environments while maintaining other important attributes such as disease/pest resistance and ensure quality. The systematic assessment of CWR genetic resources under specific conditions of abiotic stress will allow better targeting of their use for breeding populations, lines, and clones and their further use in cultivar development. CWR are valuable sources of trait diversity for wheat breeding. Association genetics along with population genetics, bioinformatics, and reverse genetics will help to identify genes or quantitative trait locus (QTL) from CWR that can enhance crop adaptation in abiotic stress-prone environments.