Title
Combined effect of xanthan gum and water content on physicochemical and textural properties of gluten-free batter and bread
Date Issued
01 September 2018
Access level
open access
Resource Type
journal article
Author(s)
Polytechnic Institute of Bragança
Publisher(s)
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of xanthan gum (XG) on physicochemical, rheological and textural properties of gluten-free batter and bread. To prepare gluten-free batter, different levels of XG (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5%) and water (90, 100 and 110%) were added to a base formula of rice (50%), maize (30%) and quinoa flours (20%); and the batters were evaluated in a factorial design. Several properties on both batter (stickiness and back extrusion) and its corresponding bread (loaf specific volume, baking loss, water activity and pH, texture profile, mean cell area, mean cell density, cell size uniformity, void fraction, mean cell compactness and mean cell aspect ratio) were then evaluated. Higher XG doses (p <.001) tended to produce batters of lower stickiness, adhesion and cohesive-strength, yet, of higher firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and viscosity index. After baking, these loaves presented lower specific volume; lower crumb aw, pH, hardness, springiness, mean cell area and void fraction; and higher (p <.001) chewiness, resilience, mean cell density, cell size uniformity and mean cell compactness. The sticker and less consistent batters produced with higher WC rendered larger bread loaves of softer and more springy/resilient crumbs with greater mean cell size and void fraction. Gluten-free loaves of good appearance in terms of higher specific volume, lower crumb hardness, higher crumb springiness, and open grain visual texture were obtained in formulations with 110% WC and XG doses between 1.5 and 2.5%.
Start page
544
End page
555
Volume
111
Language
English
OCDE Knowledge area
Biotecnología agrícola, Biotecnología alimentaria
Scopus EID
2-s2.0-85048172043
PubMed ID
Source
Food Research International
ISSN of the container
09639969
Sponsor(s)
Eng. Encina-Zelada acknowledges the financial aid provided by the Peruvian National Programme of Scholarships and Student Loans (PRONABEC) in the mode of PhD grants (Presidente de la República–183308). Dr. Gonzales-Barron wishes to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the award of a five-year Investigator Fellowship (IF) in the mode of Development Grants ( IF/00570 ). The authors are grateful to Eng. Andrea Oliveira from Prodipani, Portugal, for kindly providing breadmaking ingredients.
Sources of information: Directorio de Producción Científica Scopus