Introduction: Infertility is a multicausal disease and the genetic component represents one of its main events. Although the distribution of infertility may vary between populations, couples in low-and-middle-income countries may be more affected by infertility with a proportion of cytogenetic alterations still unclear. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of cytogenetic alterations and their correlation with the number of abortions in Peruvian patients with a diagnosis of infertility.Method: Across-sectional study was carried out in 400 patients between 18 and 60 years-old, of both genders with a diagnosis of infertility. The clinical characteristics available during the genetic examination were recorded and the conventional cytogenetic analysis was with GTG banding in peripheral blood samples. The correlation analysis was performed with the Spearman test. Results: Of the total 389 patients who met the inclusion criteria, of these 169 (43.44%) patients had reports of abortions (mean: 2.25, range: 1-7). We found a significant correlation between the number of abortions and cytogenetic alterations (p < 0.000). We report 25/289 (6.43%) chromosomal alterations, where 11/25 (44%) were constitutive heterochromatin, and 6/25 (24%) were reciprocal translocations.The most frequent cytogenetic alterations were 16qh + and 9qh + (both 16%), and affected 17 (68%) men. Conclusions: There is a moderate frequency of cytogenetic alterations in Peruvian patients diagnosed with infertility, where the most frequent alterations were constitutive heterochromatin. Furthermore, we evidenced a significant correlation between the number of abortions and cytogenetic alterations.