A comprehensive portrait of the current status of gifted and talented concepts, identification of the gifted, and associated provisions within Peru is presented. The major purposes of this article are (a) to analyze the primary conception of giftedness in Peru; (b) to describe the beliefs that people have about gifted individuals; (c) to present the most difficult issues related to gifted and talented education that need to be addressed, and the most important contributions to gifted education made in the country; (d) to describe the relevant research findings; and (e) to establish the future directions on research and program development. © The Author(s) 2013.