This study analyzes the relationship between factors of resilience and academic performance in adolescent students from educational establishments situated in contexts of high social vulnerability. It consists of a correlational-descriptive study carried out with a population of 437 Middle Education pupils in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. A questionnaire was designed and applied to determine the level of Quality of Life and Risk Factors of the adolescents. Resilience was measured with the SV-RES scale created for the Chilean context. Results indicate that the relation between resilience and learning achievements is strengthened in two situations of adversity that those surveyed reported: (a) divorce or separation of the parents and (b) pregnancy either of the individual concerned or of the couple.