Fragments of alluvial forest in the South of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were studied in order to assess the vegetation structure, tree diversity and the most influential environmental variables on vegetation variations. The environment and vegetation data (dbh ≥ 5 cm) were collected in 54, 20 × 10 m, permanents plots allocated in a riverine forest and in five fragments of alluvial forests. In the plots, the survey totalled 2,064 tree individuals, distributed in 51 species. The canonical correspondence analysis detected a tree composition gradient in the first axis, related to Mg, organic matter and H + Al soil content, sand and clay percentage and soil water table level. The CCA second axis was associated with canopy coverage and soil silte percentage. Theses variables caused a plot group formation related to species distribution.