Ten cases of salmonellal splenic abscesses recently documented in various Latin American countries are discussed. All patients were adults; the mean age was 32.6 years, and there was a predominance of males (seven). Predisposing conditions were identified in four cases. All 10 cases were documented by diagnostic imaging techniques; in one case, exploratory diagnostic laparotomy was also performed. Splenectomy was performed on eight patients, while two other patients responded to long courses of intravenous antimicrobial therapy alone. One patient died as the result of perioperative splenic rupture, and two patients underwent second laparotomies because of left subphrenic abscesses. Except for one human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual, all patients were immunocompetent and had large solitary lesions. Salmonella typhi was the predominant organism isolated and was recovered in six of the 10 cases. © 1994 by The University of Chicago.