objective. To report the results of a surveillance study on surgical site infections (SSIs) conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). design. Cohort prospective multinational multicenter surveillance study. setting. Eighty-two hospitals of 66 cities in 30 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Greece, India, Kosovo, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Salvador, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Sudan, Thailand, Turkey, Uruguay, and Vietnam) from 4 continents (America, Asia, Africa, and Europe). patients. Patients undergoing surgical procedures (SPs) from January 2005 to December 2010. methods. Data were gathered and recorded from patients hospitalized in INICC member ospitals by using the methods and definitions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) for SSI. SPs were classified into 31 types according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, criteria. results. We gathered data from 7,523 SSIs associated with 260,973 SPs. SSI rates were significantly higher for most SPs in INICC hospitals compared with CDC-NHSN data, including the rates of SSI after hip prosthesis (2.6% vs 1.3%; relative risk [RR], 2.06 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8-2.4];P!.001), coronary bypass with chest and donor incision (4.5% vs 2.9%; RR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.4-1.6];P!.001); abdominal hysterectomy (2.7% vs 1.6%; RR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.4-2.0];P!.001); exploratory abdominal surgery (4.1% vs 2.0%; RR, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.6-2.6];P!.001); ventricular shunt, 12.9% vs 5.6% (RR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.9-2.6];P!.001), and others. conclusions. SSI rates were higher for most SPs in INICC hospitals compared with CDC-NHSN data. © 2013 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America All rights reserved.