Introduction: The health social determinants explain most of the health inequities, and the health system is one of them. Objective: To determine the inequality in the distribution of doctors assigned to the care of members of the Comprehensive Health Insurance in Peru. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out with data from the General Directorate of Human Resources Management and Development of the Ministry of Health and Comprehensive Health Insurance in 2015. Ica was used as a reference territory for having the lowest percentage of poor population in Peru. Results: The density of physicians in first-level care facilities was 8.22 x 10 000 insured; Moquegua, Tacna, Arequipa, Ica, Madre de Dios, Apurímac and Huancavelica were located in the upper quartile. At the second level of care, Peru registered 1.85 specialist doctors x 10,000 insured; Ica had the highest rate (10.28). Conclusions: There is inequality in the distribution of doctors assigned to the care of the population affiliated with the Comprehensive Health Insurance, so it is necessary to redesign and redirect human resource policies that encourage an increase in the density of doctors in the poorest territories.