The main aim of quinoa breeders is the development of cultivars adapted to diverse agroclimatic regions with high seed yield and good quality components for food and industry use. Within the quinoa germplasm, significant differences have been found in some qualitative traits that can be used in breeding to improve the nutritional quality of quinoa. Several breeding methods have been used with quinoa, such as selection (individual selection and/or mass selection), introduction of foreign germplasm, hybridization, backcrossing, and induction of mutation. Modern techniques that permit the use of markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) in quinoa could be exploited for future cultivar improvement. Quinoa is an underutilized crop that could be a valuable alternative crop to help the world face critical challenges such as climatic change, food security, human nutrition, and overdependence on a few plant species for the world food supply.