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PublicationWorld historical mapping and potential distribution of Cinchona spp. in Peru as a contribution for its restoration and conservation(Elsevier, 2022-12-01)Peru is a megadiverse country in neotropical flora and is home to an important genus of plants called Cinchona and commonly all its individual species are called Cinchona Tree (Cinchona spp.), which represents the national tree for this nation. This country has 18 species, a group of these species are listed as vulnerable, endangered, and their population trend is currently unknown. This genus is at risk of extinction due to overexploitation for its medicinal, constructive and food uses. The IUCN also mentions that increased species assessments and records will help make the IUCN Red List a “barometer of life”. Based on the fact that understanding the effects of environmental change on ecosystems requires the identification of historical and current baselines, which can act as reference conditions, this research generated georeferenced global historical maps of Cinchona spp. and then determined the appropriate sites based on environmental variables using the MaxEnt software and established the probabilities of occurrence of this genus in Peru to establish priority areas for its conservation and restoration. Four maps were obtained, one for each centennial, from 1737 to the present, with 10 860 occurrences of Cinchona. In the MaxEnt modeling, 10.30 % (13 3172.56 km2) and 19.20 % (24 7371.32 km2) of Peru's surface area had high ( > 0.6) and moderate (0.4–0.6) probabilities, respectively, of hosting Cinchona. Only 7.6 % (17 305.32 km2) and 22.0 % (50 153.73 km2) of the areas with high and moderate distribution potential, respectively, were covered by natural protected areas. Likewise, 11.90 % (21 738.75 km2) and 33.20 % (60 789.17 km2) of the high and moderate probability lands, respectively, correspond to degraded areas (DAs) and, therefore, are considered a priority for restoration with Cinchona spp. The results may stimulate the rethinking of decision making for the National Action Plan for Reforestation with Species of the Genus Cinchona and other plans or tools for Cinchona conservation in Peru.
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PublicationCost-effectiveness analysis of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in preventing pneumonia in Peruvian children(Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2014-12-01)Introduction: Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) has a high burden of morbimortality in children. Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is an effective preventive measure. After PCV 7-valent (PCV7) withdrawal, PCV 10-valent (PCV10) and PCV 13-valent (PCV13) are the alternatives in Peru. This study aimed to evaluate cost effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing PP in Peruvian children <5 years-old.
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PublicationEl desarrollo de la tesis: guía práctica(Universidad ESAN, 2023-07-14)"Existe abundante literatura referida al método de investigación científica y sus aspectos teóricos y metodológicos; sin embargo, son pocos los textos acerca de esta materia que logran establecer una comunicación fluida y cercana con sus lectores, para ofrecerles una ruta sencilla con que llevar a cabo una investigación de calidad y asumir el estimulante reto de elaborar una tesis académica. Ha sido escrita pensando en aquellos estudiantes universitarios de pregrado y posgrado, quienes se encuentran en la etapa fundamental de elaborar una investigación y escribir una tesis. Se trata de una guía que recoge las nociones básicas del método de investigación, con el fin de orientar a sus lectores a través de los diversos procesos involucrados en la investigación académica y, fruto de ello, elaborar una tesis de calidad, bien fundamentada y redactada, en cualquier campo del saber. Con un lenguaje sencillo y riguroso en cuanto a su contenido, la autora introduce las bases metodológicas de la investigación científica y recomienda constantemente dos ingredientes esenciales para lograr la tesis aprobada: una fuerte motivación y confianza en el método y en la relevancia del quehacer científico para nuestras sociedades, y las actitudes éticas y profesionales de excelencia que son imprescindibles en el ejercicio académico."
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PublicationExtractive Industries, Social Licensing and Corporate Social Responsibility(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2024-05-27)Case studies presented within this volume Extractive Industries, Social Licensing and Corporate Social Responsibility involve real-world scenarios; however, all organizations mentioned have been anonymized to protect their privacy and confidentiality. The purpose of anonymization is to ensure that sensitive information remains confidential, and the identities of the organizations involved are not disclosed. The content is intended for academic information and analysis purposes only.
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PublicationIncluding the change in natural capital stock and environmental degradation in Peruvian mining GDP and NNP( 2024-06-28)This study adjusts the net national product (NNP) and gross domestic product (GDP) of the Peruvian mining sector by incorporating natural capital depreciation, new discoveries, and environmental degradation during the period 1994–2018. The results suggest that NNP has been overestimated, on average, by 172 % to 210 %, which is attributed to the omission of natural depreciation. When GDP was corrected, the overestimation fluctuated between 64 % and 72 %. This underscores the importance of including natural capital depreciation, especially in countries whose economy is highly dependent on extractive industries, as is the case of Peru.